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Magnesium status and digoxin toxicity.

I S Young1, E M Goh, U H McKillop

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|December 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Magnesium deficiency is linked to digoxin toxicity, even at lower digoxin levels. Patients with digoxin toxicity showed lower serum and monocyte magnesium, suggesting magnesium plays a key role.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Digoxin is a commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside.
  • Digoxin toxicity presents with a range of clinical symptoms, including visual disturbances.
  • Electrolyte imbalances can influence digoxin toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serum and intracellular magnesium levels and digoxin toxicity.
  • To identify potential electrolyte disturbances associated with digoxin toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-one hospital patients receiving digoxin were assessed.
  • Patients were categorized into digoxin toxicity and non-toxicity groups based on clinical criteria.
  • Serum and monocyte magnesium concentrations were compared between groups, alongside other electrolytes and digoxin levels.

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Main Results:

  • Patients with digoxin toxicity exhibited impaired color vision and higher serum digoxin levels.
  • Significantly lower serum magnesium (0.80 vs 0.88 mmol l-1) and monocyte magnesium (6.40 vs 8.76 mg g-1 DNA) were observed in the digoxin toxicity group.
  • Magnesium deficiency was the most frequent electrolyte disturbance linked to digoxin toxicity, with toxicity occurring at lower digoxin levels in its presence.

Conclusions:

  • Magnesium deficiency is a significant factor in the development of digoxin toxicity.
  • Monitoring magnesium levels in patients on digoxin therapy may be crucial for preventing toxicity.
  • Further research into the interaction between magnesium and digoxin is warranted.