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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Documentation VII: EMR01:30

Methods of Documentation VII: EMR

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) primarily center around electronically documenting patients' health information within a single healthcare organization or practice. They contain essential clinical data related to a patient's medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, lab results, and other pertinent information relevant to the specific encounter or episode of care. EMRs are designed to streamline documentation and workflow processes within individual healthcare settings,...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Applications of EMF Measurements01:26

Applications of EMF Measurements

Electromotive force (EMF) measurements have a broad range of applications in various fields, including chemistry and physics. The electrochemical series, an arrangement of elements in order of their standard electrode potentials, can be determined through EMF measurements. Elements with lower standard potentials can reduce ions of elements with higher standard potentials.The standard cell potential, E°, allows for the calculation of the standard reaction Gibbs energy, ΔG°, and the equilibrium...
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
07:00

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

[From EMR to ESD].

Masahiro Wada1, Hironori Yamamoto

  • 1Dept. of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|August 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) offers improved en bloc resection for large gastrointestinal tumors compared to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). ESD shows promise in reducing recurrence rates, expanding endoscopic treatment options.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic Surgery

Context:

  • Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is limited to small mucosal tumors (<2 cm).
  • Resecting larger tumors en bloc is crucial for accurate pathology but challenging with EMR.
  • Higher recurrence rates were observed with EMR for larger lesions.

Purpose:

  • To introduce endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as an advancement over EMR.
  • To highlight the development of specialized tools and techniques (e.g., endoknives, sodium hyaluronate) enabling ESD.
  • To discuss the expanded indications and emerging efficacy of ESD.

Summary:

  • Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed to overcome EMR limitations for large or scarred gastrointestinal lesions.
  • ESD facilitates reliable en bloc resection, improving pathological assessment and potentially reducing recurrence.

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  • Technological advancements and specific injection agents have established ESD as a viable endoscopic treatment.

    • Impact:

    • ESD has significantly expanded the scope of endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal tumors.
    • Recent studies suggest ESD is superior to EMR for early gastric cancer, with lower recurrence rates.
    • Further long-term outcome research is essential for ESD in various gastrointestinal cancers.