Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
Published on: September 27, 2019
Psychometric properties of the Brand Personality Scale: evidence from a business school
Albert Caruana1, Leyland F Pitt, Pierre Berthon
1Centre for Communication Technology, University of Malta. albert.caruana@um.edu.mt
Abstract:
The Brand Personality Scale has received considerable attention and has been frequently used and cited in the branding literature. This paper describes an investigation of the psychometric characteristics of the Brand Personality Scale in a business school context where umbrella branding is used. A sample (N=262) of students attending the MBA program of a major business school in eastern USA completed the scale. Results indicate problems with the scale's dimensionality, poor reliability, convergent and nomological validity of the Ruggedness dimension, and lack of support for discriminant validity. Managerial and research implications and limitations are noted.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Report Tests of Personality
Implicit Personality Theories
Cattell's 16 Personality Factors
In contrast, source traits are the fundamental,...
Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
Introduction to Personality Psychology
Early Theories of Personality
The study of personality dates...
Factors Influencing Attraction VI: Personality Traits