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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...

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N-halamine-based chitosan: preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial function.

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Chitosan treated with chlorine bleach forms N-halamine structures, effectively killing bacteria and preventing biofilm formation. This antimicrobial chitosan can be recharged, offering a durable solution for microbial control.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Chitosan is a biocompatible polysaccharide with potential antimicrobial applications.
  • Developing effective and rechargeable antimicrobial materials is crucial for public health.
  • Chemical modification of chitosan can enhance its functional properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize N-halamine structures on chitosan using chlorine bleach.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and antibiofilm activity of the modified chitosan.
  • To assess the stability and rechargeability of the N-halamine chitosan.

Main Methods:

  • Chitosan treatment with chlorine bleach.
  • Characterization using UV/VIS, XPS, DSC, and TGA.
  • Antimicrobial testing against E. coli and S. aureus.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for biofilm analysis.
  • Stability and rechargeability tests.

Main Results:

  • Successful transformation of chitosan amino groups into N-halamine structures confirmed.
  • Rapid and complete killing of E. coli and S. aureus observed.
  • Significant inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation demonstrated.
  • Antimicrobial activity remained stable for over a month and was rechargeable.

Conclusions:

  • Chlorine bleach treatment offers an effective method for creating rechargeable N-halamine chitosan with potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties.
  • N-halamine chitosan presents a promising material for applications requiring durable microbial control.
  • The rechargeable nature of the material enhances its practicality and sustainability.