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Related Concept Videos

Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline01:30

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Enhanced flow in smooth single-file channel.

Shashwati Roy Majumder1, Niharendu Choudhury, Swapan K Ghosh

  • 1Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India. srm@barc.gov.in

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|August 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Particle flux is higher in single-file channels compared to wider ones. This enhanced flux in nanochannels could be key for efficient particle separation technologies.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Particle transport phenomena are crucial in various scientific disciplines.
  • Understanding flux behavior in confined geometries is essential for nanotechnology applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare particle flux in single-file channels versus wider channels.
  • To explore the relationship between channel geometry and particle diffusion dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized random walk Monte Carlo simulations on a lattice model.
  • Simulated particle transport in smooth single-file channels and wider channels of varying cross-sections.
  • Connected channels to an infinite reservoir and measured flux at the open end.

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Main Results:

  • Observed a monotonic decrease in particle flux as channel cross-section increased from single-file to wider configurations.
  • Noted that flux reaches a constant value in sufficiently wide channels.
  • Identified significantly enhanced flux in single-file channels compared to wider channels.

Conclusions:

  • Single-file channels exhibit higher particle flux than wider channels.
  • The enhanced flux in single-file nanochannels presents a promising avenue for efficient particle separation.
  • Findings can guide the design of advanced separation technologies using smooth nanochannels.