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Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis.

I J Torres¹, V G Boudreau, L N Yatham

¹Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum

|October 19, 2007

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Euthymic bipolar disorder patients show significant cognitive deficits in attention, memory, and executive functions compared to healthy individuals. These impairments appear to be a stable trait of the condition.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Cognitive deficits are recognized in symptomatic bipolar disorder.
The persistence of cognitive impairment in euthymic (symptom-free) bipolar patients is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the extent and pattern of cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.
To synthesize findings from neuropsychological studies comparing euthymic bipolar patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

Systematic evaluation of neuropsychological studies.
Meta-analysis of effect sizes for 15 common cognitive measures.
Comparison of performance between euthymic bipolar patients and healthy controls.

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Main Results:

Consistent medium-to-large effect size differences favoring healthy controls were found in attention/processing speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning.
No significant deficits were observed in vocabulary or premorbid IQ measures.

Conclusions:

Bipolar disorder is associated with a trait-related neuropsychological deficit affecting attention, memory, and executive functions.
These findings have implications for understanding the etiology and for future research directions in bipolar disorder.