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Related Concept Videos

Non-inertial Frames of Reference01:27

Non-inertial Frames of Reference

A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in an airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone all have in common. All these systems are accelerating, decelerating, or rotating relative to the Earth; hence, they all are non-inertial frames. All these systems exhibit inertial forces, which merely seem to arise from motion,...
Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

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Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with constant...
Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing vector...
Relative Velocity in One Dimension01:10

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The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...
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A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
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General plane motion, often observed in a rolling wheel, refers to a type of movement where the wheel is simultaneously rotating and translating. This complex motion can be understood by breaking it down into individual components.
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Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment
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Non-target flanker effects on movement in a virtual action centred reference frame.

Sherilene M Carr1, James G Phillips, James W Meehan

  • 1Psychology Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Experimental Brain Research
|August 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Visual selective attention guides inhibitory control in pointing. Highly salient distractors attract movement, while less salient ones repel it, supporting the response activation model in virtual environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Visual selective attention is crucial for inhibitory control during goal-directed movements.
  • Existing models offer conflicting predictions regarding movement deviations influenced by salient non-target flankers.
  • The 'response vector model' predicts repulsion, while the 'response activation model' predicts attraction, followed by inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of non-target flanker salience on pointing movements.
  • To differentiate between the 'response vector model' and the 'response activation model' in a controlled virtual environment.
  • To examine the role of action-centered selective attention and proximity-to-hand effects.

Main Methods:

  • Pointing movements were executed in a virtual 2D environment using a computer mouse.
  • 14 skilled computer users navigated a cursor to virtual targets.
  • Non-target flankers of varying salience were introduced to assess their interference effects.

Main Results:

  • Non-target flankers significantly interfered with movement, aligning with action-centered selective attention.
  • A proximity-to-hand effect was observed, influencing movement deviations.
  • Highly salient flankers attracted movement, while less salient flankers repelled it, supporting the response activation model.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the 'response activation model' over the 'response vector model'.
  • Virtual environments effectively control for physical object properties, isolating attentional effects.
  • Selective attention and flanker salience play a significant role in modulating motor responses.