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[Human leptospirosis in French Polynesia. Epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological features]

C Coudert1, F Beau, A Berlioz-Arthaud

  • 1Laboratoire de biologie médicale, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Polynésie française. ccoudert@ilm.pf

Medecine Tropicale : Revue Du Corps De Sante Colonial
|August 19, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Leptospirosis is a significant public health issue in French Polynesia. Swimming in fresh water was identified as a key risk factor, with Leptospira icterohemorrahgiae being the most common serotype found.

Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious disease surveillance

Context:

  • Leptospirosis poses a major public health challenge in French Polynesia.
  • Clinical presentation can mimic dengue fever, necessitating laboratory confirmation.
  • A study was requested by the Pacific Public Health Surveillance Network.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the epidemiological features of leptospirosis in French Polynesia.
  • To identify appropriate control measures for the disease.
  • To determine the incidence and risk factors associated with leptospirosis.

Summary:

  • A prospective study in Raieatea and the Marquis Islands (March 2004-March 2005) enrolled 113 patients.
  • Thirty-three cases were confirmed, with an annual incidence of 1.7 per 1000 inhabitants.
  • Leptospirosis predominantly affected young men (75%), occurred during the rainy season, and was linked to fresh water swimming (p < 0.02).

Impact:

  • Leptospira icterohemorrahgiae was the most common serotype (43%), implicating rats as a primary vector.
  • Diverse serotypes suggest varied reservoirs, questioning monovalent vaccine efficacy.
  • Enhanced prevention and control strategies for leptospirosis are urgently needed.

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