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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Related Experiment Video

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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Is later obesity programmed in utero?

Mark H Vickers1, Stefan O Krechowec, Bernhard H Breier

  • 1Liggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. m.vickers@auckland.ac.nz

Current Drug Targets
|August 21, 2007
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Summary

The rising global obesity epidemic is influenced by environmental factors, particularly during early development. Fetal adaptations to in-utero conditions can increase the risk of adult obesity and metabolic disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Global obesity rates have surged in adults and children over the past two decades.
  • Obesity arises from complex genetic, metabolic, behavioral, and environmental interactions.
  • Rapid increases suggest environmental and behavioral factors are key drivers of the obesity epidemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the in-utero origins of obesity.
  • To explore the relationship between early-life development and adult adiposity.
  • To examine findings from animal models and human epidemiological studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies linking early life to adult adiposity.
  • Analysis of experimental research in animal models.
  • Synthesis of clinical observations on in-utero influences.

Main Results:

  • The "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD) model highlights fetal adaptation to in-utero environments.
  • Predictive adaptive responses to adverse conditions can increase later-life chronic disease risk.
  • Early-life environmental exposures are linked to subsequent obesity and metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • In-utero environment significantly influences the development of adult obesity.
  • Early-life interventions may be crucial for preventing long-term metabolic health issues.
  • Understanding DOHaD is vital for addressing the global obesity crisis.