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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

PEG-interferon alpha-2b for acute hepatitis C: a review.

Emilio Palumbo1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Sondrio, Via Dell' Arcangelo Michele 4, 71100 Foggia, Italy. emipalu2003@yahoo.it

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Early treatment of acute hepatitis C with Peg-interferon alpha-2b is effective, achieving high sustained virological response rates. Treatment should commence within three months of onset for three months, with longer durations considered for specific genotypes.

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Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
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Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

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Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
09:11

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently progresses to chronic disease (50-84%).
  • Early intervention is crucial due to lower treatment efficacy in established chronic hepatitis C.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of Peg-interferon alpha-2b (PEG-IFN α-2b) for acute hepatitis C.
  • To identify viral factors influencing sustained virological response (SVR).
  • To determine optimal treatment timing and duration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review analyzing studies on PEG-IFN α-2b monotherapy and combination therapy with ribavirin.
  • Assessment of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of PEG-IFN α-2b and ribavirin.

Main Results:

  • PEG-IFN α-2b monotherapy achieved SVR in 71-94% of patients.
  • Optimal treatment initiation is within three months of onset, with a three-month duration generally recommended.
  • Six-month treatment duration showed SVR independent of viral load and genotype for genotype 1 infections.
  • Combination therapy with ribavirin did not significantly increase response rates but is a viable second-line option.

Conclusions:

  • Peg-interferon alpha-2b is an effective treatment for acute hepatitis C, yielding high SVR rates.
  • Early treatment (within 3 months) for 3 months is generally effective, with longer durations potentially beneficial for genotype 1.
  • SVR is largely independent of baseline viral factors with longer treatment durations.