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Pneumocystis carinii in FNA of the thyroid

A E Walts1, H E Pitchon

  • 1Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.

Diagnostic Cytopathology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed

Insights

Pneumocystis carinii (PC) was diagnosed in a thyroid fine-needle aspirate (FNA) of an HIV+ patient on pentamidine prophylaxis. This highlights extrapulmonary PC presentations in immunocompromised individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) patients.
  • Extrapulmonary presentations of Pneumocystis carinii (PC) are increasingly recognized in immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

  • A fine-needle aspirate (FNA) from a thyroid nodule in an HIV+ male patient on aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis yielded a diagnosis of PC.
  • The patient initially presented with multinodular goiter and lacked pulmonary symptoms or a prior PCP diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Cytologic diagnosis of extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii (EPC) was achieved via FNA of the thyroid.
  • The diagnosis was made despite the absence of typical pulmonary symptoms or a history of PCP.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering extrapulmonary PC in HIV+ patients, even those on prophylactic treatment.
  • Increased awareness of atypical PC presentations is crucial for accurate and timely cytologic diagnosis in immunocompromised patients.
  • Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can be a valuable tool for diagnosing extrapulmonary infections in specific clinical contexts.

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