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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Renal specific secondary hypertension.

P A Kalra1

  • 1Hope Hospital, Salford, UK. philip.kalra@srht.nhs.uk

Journal of Renal Care
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 5% of adults, often causing hypertension due to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis. Blocking this system with ACE inhibitors or ARBs is crucial for managing hypertension and reducing cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impacts over 5% of the adult population, significantly increasing mortality risk.
  • Hypertension affects at least 80% of patients with stages 3-5 CKD (GFR <60 ml/min).
  • Renal-related hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular complications in CKD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the epidemiology of renal-related hypertension.
  • To highlight the link between hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk in CKD.
  • To emphasize the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis in CKD hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on CKD and hypertension.
  • Discussion of the pathophysiology of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis in renal disease.

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

  • Analysis of the impact of hypertension on CKD progression.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypertension is a prevalent complication in advanced CKD, strongly linked to RAA axis perturbation.
    • Activated RAA system exacerbates hypertension and contributes to cardiovascular risk in CKD.
    • Hypertension accelerates the decline of renal function in CKD patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Renal-related hypertension, driven by the RAA axis, is a critical factor in CKD.
    • Blocking the RAA system using ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers is a key therapeutic strategy.
    • Effective management of hypertension is essential for improving survival and reducing cardiovascular events in CKD.