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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
05:50

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

Published on: August 7, 2018

[Evocative lumbar discography].

Carlos Montes García1, Luis Fernando Nava Granados

  • 1Hospital Poliplaza Médica, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua. carlo104@prodigy.net.mx

Acta Ortopedica Mexicana
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Lumbar discography is a reliable method for detecting intervertebral disc ruptures, proving more effective than magnetic resonance imaging. This diagnostic technique offers a dynamic and safe approach to identifying disc issues.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Lumbar discography, introduced in 1948, was historically deemed unreliable due to a high false-positive rate.
  • Previous studies, like Holt's 1968 report, contributed to its neglect in diagnosing anulus fibrosus ruptures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish lumbar discography as a dynamic, safe, and reliable method for detecting intervertebral disc ruptures.
  • To demonstrate its superiority over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying disc pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 33 patients with chronic lumbosciatic pain and MRI-diagnosed herniated discs.
  • Performed 50 lumbar discographies across L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 levels.
  • Defined positive and negative discography criteria based on contrast dye patterns and pain provocation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
05:50

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

Published on: August 7, 2018

Main Results:

  • Identified 5 negative discographies, with patients remaining asymptomatic at 6-month follow-up.
  • Discography revealed a 10% false-positive rate for MRI in detecting disc ruptures.
  • Two patients developed diskitis, a complication potentially linked to the procedure or subsequent interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Lumbar discography is a more effective diagnostic tool than MRI for intervertebral disc ruptures.
  • The study suggests discography's reliability in identifying disc pathologies, despite rare complications like diskitis.