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Related Concept Videos

Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...

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Giardiasis: a pharmacotherapy review.

Angel A Escobedo1, Sergio Cimerman

  • 1Jefe del departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Hospital Pediatrico Universitario Pedro Borrás, Ciudad de La Habana, CP, Cuba. escobedo@infomed.sld.cu

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Giardia lamblia infections cause widespread gastrointestinal illness. Current treatments like metronidazole are facing resistance, necessitating research into new antigiardial drugs and therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Giardia lamblia is a leading cause of human intestinal parasitic infections globally.
  • Giardiasis presents with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic cyst shedding to severe diarrhea, malabsorption, and growth issues in children.
  • Metronidazole and other nitroimidazoles are traditional treatments but face increasing drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current antigiardial pharmacotherapy.
  • To explore emerging treatment options for giardiasis.
  • To discuss future directions in the development of new antigiardial agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing antigiardial drugs.
  • Analysis of recent research on novel therapeutic compounds.
  • Examination of drug resistance patterns in Giardia lamblia.

Main Results:

  • Metronidazole remains a primary treatment but is experiencing treatment failures.
  • Emerging therapies include repurposed drugs and novel compounds.
  • Drug resistance is a significant challenge in treating giardiasis.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for alternative and effective treatments for giardiasis due to widespread drug resistance.
  • Continued research into new antigiardial agents is essential to combat resistant Giardia lamblia strains.
  • Future pharmacotherapy may involve a combination of existing and novel drugs.