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Related Concept Videos

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters01:23

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters

Drug absorption involves the movement of drugs from the point of administration into the systemic circulation. Initially, Gastrointestinal (GI) motility propels the drug through the digestive tract and into the stomach. However, the stomach's high acidity and limited surface area restrict its role in drug absorption for most drugs. The drug then moves from the stomach to the small intestine via gastric emptying, which can be slowed by various factors, including interactions with other...
Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption01:19

Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

The process of oral drug absorption can be influenced by several factors. Weakly acidic drugs tend to be absorbed more readily from the stomach due to their nonionized state. However, absorption may be less efficient in the upper intestine, where drugs are often ionized. Interestingly, despite the stomach's apparent advantage for drug absorption, its mucous layer can hinder diffusion. Its surface area is also smaller than the intestine's, which can further slow down the absorption rate.
In...
Absorption of Nutrients01:19

Absorption of Nutrients

Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
Drug Absorption: Overview01:17

Drug Absorption: Overview

The process of drug absorption signifies the transition of a drug from its site of administration into the plasma. This process is influenced by various factors, including the route of administration, the anatomy of the absorption site, the mechanism of absorption, gut motility, and the drug's physicochemical properties.
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

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Basic Three-Dimensional (3D) Intestinal Model System with an Immune Component
07:39

Basic Three-Dimensional (3D) Intestinal Model System with an Immune Component

Published on: September 1, 2023

In vitro models for processes involved in intestinal absorption.

Florian Nigsch1, Werner Klaffke, Silvia Miret

  • 1University of Cambridge, Unilever Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. fn211@cam.ac.uk

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details in vitro methods for assessing how compounds are absorbed in the intestine. It covers physicochemical and biological assays, highlighting their strengths and limitations for predicting intestinal absorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Reliable in vitro methods are crucial for evaluating the intestinal absorption of bioactive compounds.
  • Existing methods include physicochemical assays and biologically based assays like cell cultures and excised tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review in vitro methods for assessing molecular properties influencing intestinal absorption.
  • To evaluate the advantages and limitations of these methods.
  • To discuss future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physicochemical assays (lipophilicity, solubility, permeability).
  • Review of biologically based assays (cell cultures, excised tissues) incorporating active transport and metabolism.
  • Evaluation of assay advantages, limitations, and future potential.

Main Results:

  • Physicochemical assays assess molecular properties influencing absorption.
  • Biological assays model the complex processes of traversing living biological membranes.
  • Both assay types have distinct advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Combining physicochemical and biological assays with computational models will advance future developments.
  • Future directions include stem cell research and multiple-endpoint assays for comprehensive assessment.
  • In vitro methods are essential for predicting intestinal absorption and guiding drug development.