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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Repetition priming affects guessing not familiarity.

Richard J Tunney¹, Gordon Fernie

¹School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. rjt@psychology.nottingham.ac.uk.

Behavioral and Brain Functions : BBF

|August 19, 2007

Summary

This study re-evaluates memory retrieval mechanisms. Findings suggest recollection and familiarity do not differ in retrieval, challenging prior conclusions about distinct memory processes.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Memory Research

Background:

The distinction between recollection and familiarity in memory retrieval is debated.
Previous studies suggested distinct mechanisms based on priming effects on 'remember' vs. 'know' responses.
Concerns exist regarding small effect sizes and methodological limitations in prior research.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the claim of distinct retrieval mechanisms for recollection and familiarity.
To investigate the influence of repetition priming on memory judgments.
To address potential methodological issues in previous experiments.

Main Methods:

Experiment 1: Participants provided 'remember', 'know', and 'guess' responses to primed and unprimed words.
Experiment 2: Participants used 'sure', 'unsure', and 'guess' responses under similar priming conditions.
Both experiments focused on unstudied items to assess priming effects.

Main Results:

Repetition priming effects were observed only for 'guess' responses in Experiment 1.
Priming effects in Experiment 2 occurred for 'unsure' and 'guess' responses, but solely for unstudied items.
No priming effect was found for 'remember' or 'sure' responses.

Conclusions:

Remembering and knowing judgments do not align with confidence ratings.
Recollection and familiarity likely do not possess distinct retrieval mechanisms.
Repetition priming effects on subjective memory reports should not be used to support separate recollection and familiarity processes.