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Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Transcription

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...

Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

The transcription stress response.

Mats Ljungman¹

¹Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. ljungman@umich.edu

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

|August 19, 2007

Summary

The transcription machinery can sense blocked elongation, activating DNA repair pathways. This transcription stress response, mediated by ATR and RPA, helps protect the genome and suppress tumor formation.

Area of Science:

Molecular biology
Genetics
Cellular response

Background:

RNA polymerase II functions as a molecular motor traversing the genome.
The transcription machinery may sense DNA damage and activate repair pathways when stalled.
This process is termed the transcription stress response.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of transcription machinery in sensing DNA damage.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the transcription stress response.
To determine if ATR and RPA sense DNA lesions directly or consequences of blocked transcription.

Main Methods:

Investigated the phosphorylation of p53 following transcription elongation blockage.
Utilized ATR kinase and RPA (single-strand DNA-binding protein) in experiments.

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Examined transcription stress response in the presence and absence of DNA damage.

Main Results:

ATR kinase and RPA mediate p53 phosphorylation upon blocked transcription elongation.
ATR-mediated phosphorylation occurs even without direct DNA damage.
ATR and RPA appear to sense consequences of blocked elongation, not DNA lesions directly.

Conclusions:

The transcription stress response is activated by stalled transcription elongation.
This response, involving ATR and RPA, safeguards the genome.
The transcription stress response may suppress tumorigenesis by preventing DNA damage.