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Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Conjunctival tumors in children.

Carol L Shields1, Jerry A Shields

  • 1Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. carol.shields@shieldsoncology.com

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Conjunctival nevus is the most common tumor in children, with malignant transformation to melanoma being extremely rare (<1%). This highlights the predominantly benign nature of these pediatric conjunctival growths.

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Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
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Published on: July 8, 2025

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
03:59

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Oncology

Background:

  • Conjunctival tumors in children originate from various tissues.
  • The vast majority (97%) of pediatric conjunctival tumors are benign.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the incidence and characteristics of conjunctival tumors in children.
  • To highlight the prevalence and behavior of conjunctival nevi in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical experience regarding pediatric conjunctival tumors.
  • Analysis of tumor types, including nevi, dermolipoma, lymphangioma, and hemangioma.
  • Characterization of conjunctival nevus presentation, including pigmentation, location, and associated cysts.

Main Results:

  • Conjunctival nevus is the most frequent tumor (64%), followed by dermolipoma (5%), lymphangioma (3%), and capillary hemangioma (3%).
  • Pediatric conjunctival nevi commonly present as pigmented masses at the limbus, often with intralesional cysts (65%).
  • Malignant transformation of conjunctival nevus to melanoma is exceptionally rare (<1%), with minimal changes in size or color observed over time.

Conclusions:

  • Conjunctival nevus is the predominant conjunctival tumor in the pediatric population.
  • The risk of conjunctival nevus evolving into melanoma is exceedingly low.
  • Understanding the benign nature and typical presentation of these tumors is crucial for pediatric ophthalmologists.