Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

Signal and System

Signal and System

A signal x(t) is a set of data or a time function representing a variable of interest. Signals typically convey information about a phenomenon, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, human voice, television images, a dog's bark, or birdsongs. More generally, a signal can be a function of more than one independent variable. For instance, images depend on horizontal and vertical positions and can be regarded as two-dimensional signals. However, this text will focus on one-dimensional signals...

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...

Overview of Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...

Overview of Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The WalRK two-component system in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> ensures robustness of secondary wall polymer attachment.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Origin of replication discovery for environmentally isolated <i>Pantoea</i> strain enables expression of heterologous proteins, pathways and products.

iScience·2026

Same author

KBase: Open-source Platform for Collaborative Biological Data Analysis and Publication.

Journal of molecular biology·2026

Same author

Construction of a randomly barcoded insertional mutant library in the filamentous fungus <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Dual transposon sequencing profiles the genetic interaction landscape in bacteria.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Sediment and groundwater metagenomes from subsurface microbial communities from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.

Microbiology resource announcements·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

Environmental signal integration by a modular AND gate.

J Christopher Anderson¹, Christopher A Voigt, Adam P Arkin

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, QB3: California Institute for Quantitative Biological Research, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA.

Molecular Systems Biology

|August 19, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists created a synthetic AND gate in E. coli using genetic circuits. This biological AND gate integrates two environmental signals to control cellular responses, demonstrating modularity in synthetic biology.

More Related Videos

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Published on: August 4, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Published on: August 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Synthetic biology
Genetic engineering
Microbial systems

Background:

Microorganisms utilize genetic circuits to process environmental cues.
Understanding and engineering biological logic gates is crucial for synthetic biology applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct a synthetic AND gate in Escherichia coli.
To demonstrate the integration of two distinct promoter inputs into a single output.
To showcase the modularity and adaptability of the designed genetic circuit.

Main Methods:

Engineered a synthetic AND gate using T7 RNA polymerase and amber suppressor tRNA.
Controlled input promoters to regulate the transcription of key components.
Demonstrated modularity by integrating natural promoters and implementing a phenotypic output.

Main Results:

Successfully constructed a functional AND gate in E. coli.
Showcased the integration of Mg(2+) and AI-1 responsive promoters.
Implemented a phenotypic output, including bacterial invasion of mammalian cells.
Developed and parameterized a mathematical model for the genetic circuit's transfer function.

Conclusions:

The synthetic AND gate provides a modular platform for integrating environmental signals in E. coli.
This system enables the control of complex cellular responses through simple genetic logic.
The demonstrated modularity allows for versatile applications in synthetic biology and beyond.