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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing
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Spectral-domain optical coherence reflectometric sensor for highly sensitive molecular detection.

Chulmin Joo1, Johannes F de Boer

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. cmjoo@mit.edu

Optics Letters
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces spectral-domain optical coherence reflectometry (SD-OCR) for sensitive, real-time molecular detection. The technology achieves subfemtomole sensitivity, proving effective for biosensing applications like detecting molecular interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Physics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Molecular detection requires high sensitivity and real-time monitoring.
  • Existing methods may lack the necessary precision for certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel application of spectral-domain optical coherence reflectometry (SD-OCR) for sensitive molecular detection.
  • To demonstrate the real-time monitoring capabilities of SD-OCR.
  • To validate SD-OCR as a biosensor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spectral-domain optical coherence reflectometry (SD-OCR) for sensing.
  • Developed an SD-OCR sensor capable of identifying surfaces and monitoring phase alterations.
  • Achieved subnanometer optical thickness sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated subfemtomole detection sensitivity for SiO(2) molecule etching.
  • Successfully applied SD-OCR as a biosensor in a microfluidic device.
  • Measured biotin-streptavidin binding interactions in real time.

Conclusions:

  • SD-OCR offers a novel, highly sensitive method for real-time molecular detection.
  • The technology shows significant potential for various biosensing applications.
  • SD-OCR provides subnanometer precision for monitoring molecular interactions.