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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

The elderly diabetic's eyes.

P Massin1, E Kaloustian

  • 1Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Lariboisière-APHP, 75475 Paris, France. pascale.massin@lrb.aphp.fr

Diabetes & Metabolism
|August 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients is complex, often co-occurring with other eye conditions. Current management strategies are insufficient, highlighting a need for better approaches for this growing population.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Geriatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy is a significant cause of visual impairment in the elderly.
  • It frequently coexists with other geriatric ophthalmological conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
  • Existing management protocols are often inadequate for this patient demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify current and future challenges in managing diabetic retinopathy specifically in elderly individuals.
  • To highlight the limitations in existing research, particularly the lack of prospective geriatric-specific studies.
  • To discuss the multifaceted aspects of ophthalmologic and diabetologic care for older adults with diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on diabetic retinopathy in the elderly.

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Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
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  • Analysis of epidemiological data and screening challenges.
  • Evaluation of ophthalmologic and diabetologic management strategies considering age and comorbidities.

    • Main Results:

    • The number of elderly diabetic patients is increasing, while the availability of ophthalmologists is decreasing.
    • There is a notable scarcity of prospective studies focusing on the geriatric population with diabetic retinopathy.
    • Visual disability, overall morbidity, and mortality are serious concerns in this group.
    • Recommendations are largely based on expert opinion due to limited evidence.
    • A high risk of iatrogenic complications exists, necessitating careful management to avoid both under- and over-intervention.

    Conclusions:

    • Management of diabetic retinopathy in the elderly is complex and requires tailored approaches.
    • Caregivers must balance a non-laissez-faire attitude with avoidance of inappropriate interventions.
    • Further research, especially prospective studies, is crucial to improve care for older adults with diabetic retinopathy.