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Normal pressure values and repeatability of the Emed ST4 system
A B Putti1, G P Arnold, L A Cochrane
1Institute of Motion Analysis and Research (IMAR), Division of Surgery & Oncology, TORT Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
Gait & Posture
|August 19, 2007
Summary
The Emed ST4 system reliably measures foot pressure, showing high peak pressures under the metatarsal heads and heel. These findings provide a baseline for assessing foot conditions in clinical settings.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Podiatry
- Medical Device Technology
Background:
- Plantar pressure measurement is crucial for understanding foot biomechanics.
- Establishing normative data is essential for clinical assessment of foot pathologies.
- The repeatability of measurement systems needs validation for reliable clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the repeatability of the Emed ST4 system for plantar pressure measurement.
- To determine the range of normal plantar pressure values in a healthy adult population.
- To provide normative data for clinical use in orthopaedic settings.
Main Methods:
- Fifty-three healthy subjects (17 female, 36 male) participated.
- Plantar pressure parameters including Peak Pressure (PP), Contact Area (CA), Contact Time (CT), Pressure-Time Integral (PTI), Force-Time Integral (FTI), and Instant of Peak Pressure (IPP) were recorded using the Emed ST4 system.
- Measurements were repeated on two occasions, approximately 12 days apart, to assess repeatability.
Main Results:
- The Emed ST4 system demonstrated good repeatability, with a coefficient of repeatability (CR) below 16.9% for all 122 parameters.
- Highest Peak Pressures (PP) were observed under the second (361 kPa) and third (330 kPa) metatarsal heads, followed by the great toe (321 kPa) and heel (313 kPa).
- The heel exhibited the largest Contact Area (CA) (35 cm²), while Contact Time (CT) was highest under the metatarsal heads (75-85%).
Conclusions:
- The Emed ST4 system is a repeatable tool for plantar pressure analysis.
- The established ranges for various plantar pressure parameters in healthy individuals can serve as a reference for diagnosing foot abnormalities.
- This study provides valuable normative data for the Emed ST4 system, supporting its use in clinical orthopaedic assessments.
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