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Related Experiment Videos

Sex differences in elaborative strategies: a developmental analysis.

H S Waters1, L L Schreiber

  • 1Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|December 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Females utilize elaboration strategies more in paired associate learning than males. Sex differences in strategy use diminish with easier tasks but persist with challenging ones.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Elaboration is a key strategy in memory and learning.
  • Adolescence and young adulthood represent critical developmental periods for cognitive strategy development.
  • Understanding sex differences in learning strategies can inform educational practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in the use of elaboration during paired associate learning across adolescence and young adulthood.
  • To examine how task difficulty (word frequency) influences sex differences in strategy use and recall.
  • To explore the nature of elaborations generated by males and females.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving paired associate learning tasks with adolescents and young adults.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants recalled word pairs and reported their learning strategies (e.g., imagery, verbal connections).
  • Experiment 2 included a task requiring participants to describe their elaborations.

    • Main Results:

    • Females consistently used more elaborative strategies and recalled more word pairs than males.
    • Sex differences in strategy use were less pronounced with high-frequency words (easier task).
    • In young adulthood, sex differences in recall for low-frequency words emerged with less interactive elaborations.

    Conclusions:

    • Sex differences in elaboration strategies are influenced by task difficulty and developmental stage.
    • As individuals become more proficient, sex differences in strategy use may decrease under optimal conditions.
    • The quality and interactivity of elaborations, not just their presence, may underlie remaining sex differences in recall.