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Visual outcomes and perinatal adversity.

Anna R O'Connor1, Alistair R Fielder

  • 1University of Liverpool, Division of Orthoptics, Thompson Yates Building, Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK. annaoc@liv.ac.uk

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|August 21, 2007
PubMed
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Preterm birth and related factors cause various visual impairments in children, from blindness to subtle deficits impacting daily function. Understanding these ophthalmic deficits is crucial for long-term eye care and support.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm birth, neonatal environment, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and neurological damage are significant contributors to childhood visual impairment.
  • Visual deficits range from severe blindness to subtle impairments, with some identified early and others later in childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the causes and types of ophthalmic deficits in children affected by perinatal adversity.
  • To explore the impact of these visual impairments on a child's functional abilities.
  • To examine the long-term ophthalmic care needs and the role of perinatal factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and discussion of existing research on visual impairments in preterm infants.
  • Analysis of ophthalmic deficits including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and color vision.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Consideration of common conditions like strabismus and refractive errors.

    • Main Results:

    • Visual impairments stem from ROP, cortical visual impairment, and other factors related to preterm birth.
    • Deficits affect not only visual acuity but also contrast sensitivity, visual fields, and color vision.
    • Strabismus and refractive errors are prevalent following perinatal adversity.

    Conclusions:

    • While the types of visual deficits are increasingly understood, their impact on functional ability requires further investigation.
    • Perinatal factors play a critical role in the development of ophthalmic deficits.
    • Long-term ophthalmic care strategies must address the multifaceted visual challenges faced by these children.