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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
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Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home
02:28

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home

Published on: March 1, 2024

[Juvenile psoriatic arthritis].

Shan Lu1, Wei Zhou, Qian Zhang

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China. lucm@ccps.gov.cn

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
|August 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a 12-year-old boy with juvenile psoriatic arthritis, presenting with joint pain and skin lesions. Effective treatment involved leflunomide and Etanercept, significantly improving symptoms.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home
02:28

Measuring Psoriasis Severity at Home

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting children.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing JPsA and preventing long-term joint damage.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old boy presented with a 1.5-year history of bilateral heel pain, progressing to involve the right knee, ankle, and hip.
  • The patient exhibited psoriatic skin and nail lesions, elevated inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP), and tested positive for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) B27.
  • Skin biopsy confirmed psoriasis, and ultrasonography revealed synovitis in the right knee and ankle.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of JPsA was confirmed based on clinical presentation, laboratory results, and skin biopsy.
  • Initial treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and sulfasalazine was ineffective.
  • Combination therapy with leflunomide and the anti-TNF biologic agent Etanercept resulted in symptomatic improvement within two weeks.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing JPsA in pediatric patients with inflammatory arthritis and skin manifestations.
  • The successful use of leflunomide combined with anti-TNF therapy suggests a potential effective treatment strategy for refractory JPsA.
  • Further research into optimal therapeutic regimens for JPsA is warranted to improve patient outcomes.