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Related Concept Videos

Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...
Factors affecting Blood pressure01:28

Factors affecting Blood pressure

Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart beats)...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Assessing Murine Resistance Artery Function Using Pressure Myography
07:25

Assessing Murine Resistance Artery Function Using Pressure Myography

Published on: June 7, 2013

Essential hypertension.

Franz H Messerli1, Bryan Williams, Eberhard Ritz

  • 1Division of Cardiology, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10019, USA. fmesserli@aol.com

Lancet (London, England)
|August 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential hypertension, a common condition, significantly elevates risks for major organ damage. Effective blood pressure control is crucial, yet remains challenging for most patients despite available treatments.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Assessing Murine Resistance Artery Function Using Pressure Myography
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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Essential hypertension is a widespread condition characterized by elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mm Hg) of unknown origin.
  • It significantly increases the lifetime risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal events, exceeding 90% in industrialized nations.
  • Hypertension often coexists with other cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definition, risk factors, and consequences of essential hypertension.
  • To discuss the role of antihypertensive medications in reducing cardiovascular risk and target-organ damage.
  • To highlight the challenges in achieving adequate blood pressure control and managing associated risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on essential hypertension and its management.
  • Analysis of the impact of blood pressure reduction on cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Examination of drug-specific differences in preventing target-organ damage and major events.

Main Results:

  • Blood pressure reduction is the primary determinant of cardiovascular risk reduction with antihypertensive drugs.
  • Differences exist among antihypertensive agents regarding their efficacy in reducing target-organ damage and preventing major cardiovascular events.
  • Most patients require multiple medications for adequate blood pressure control and often need concomitant statin therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Despite effective treatments, essential hypertension and its associated risk factors remain inadequately controlled in a majority of patients.
  • Early detection and management of subtle target-organ damage are critical in hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
  • Comprehensive management strategies are needed to improve blood pressure control and reduce the burden of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality.