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Related Concept Videos

Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
09:14

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Integrins, adhesion and apoptosis.

J E Meredith, M A Schwartz

    Trends in Cell Biology
    |April 1, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Integrin-dependent cell survival, crucial for development and physiology, acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism by preventing apoptosis. This review discusses how cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix regulates survival.

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    Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
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    Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

    Published on: February 16, 2015

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
    09:18

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

    Published on: December 27, 2016

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    Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

    Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
    09:14

    Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

    Published on: June 13, 2014

    Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
    12:55

    Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

    Published on: February 16, 2015

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
    09:18

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

    Published on: December 27, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Cancer Biology

    Background:

    • Integrin-mediated adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is essential for the survival of numerous cell types.
    • This anchorage-dependent survival mechanism plays roles in both normal development and disease.
    • Dysregulation of integrin signaling can impact cell fate, contributing to pathologies like cancer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of how integrin-dependent signals prevent apoptosis.
    • To discuss the implications of anchorage-dependent survival in development, physiology, and pathology.
    • To highlight the role of integrin-mediated cell adhesion in tumor suppression.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on integrin signaling and cell survival.
    • Discussion of molecular mechanisms linking integrin engagement to anti-apoptotic pathways.
    • Analysis of the physiological and pathological relevance of anchorage-dependent cell survival.

    Main Results:

    • Integrin signaling activates pro-survival pathways, inhibiting programmed cell death (apoptosis).
    • Loss of integrin-mediated adhesion triggers anoikis, a form of apoptosis.
    • This survival mechanism is critical for tissue development and homeostasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Integrin-dependent survival is a fundamental biological process with broad implications.
    • Understanding these pathways offers potential therapeutic targets for cancer and developmental disorders.
    • Anchorage-dependent survival is a key mechanism in tumor suppression and embryogenesis.