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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Muscles that Move the Leg

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Published on: November 9, 2018

Knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty.

P H Li¹, Y C Wong, Y L Wai

¹Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong. lipanghei@yahoo.com.hk

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong Kong)

|August 22, 2007

Summary

Advanced age, female gender, and good preoperative knee flexion influence outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Posterior stabilized prostheses offer superior results in Chinese patients.

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomedical engineering

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) aims to restore knee function.
Identifying factors influencing postoperative knee flexion is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine factors affecting knee flexion following TKA in a Chinese population.
To evaluate the impact of patient demographics and preoperative conditions on TKA outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 242 TKA cases.
Analysis of patient age, gender, diagnosis, preoperative range of motion, tibiofemoral angle, and implant design.

Main Results:

Older age, female gender, and greater preoperative flexion/flexion arc correlated with improved postoperative knee flexion.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Published on: November 9, 2018

Postoperative flexion showed a tendency to centralize regardless of preoperative range.

Preoperative malalignment of the tibiofemoral angle did not significantly impact postoperative flexion.

Conclusions:

Modern posterior stabilized prostheses with specific femoral components outperform older designs.
Optimizing patient selection and implant choice can enhance TKA functional recovery.