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Related Concept Videos

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
Angina V: Nursing Management01:20

Angina V: Nursing Management

Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

Noncardiac chest pain.

Philip O Katz1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Unexplained chest pain often stems from esophageal issues like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A trial of proton-pump inhibitors is an efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approach for GERD-related chest pain.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Chest pain diagnosis is challenging, with cardiac and noncardiac causes often indistinguishable by history alone.
  • Coronary artery disease exclusion is a critical first step in evaluating unexplained chest pain.
  • Esophageal etiologies are frequent causes of noncardiac chest pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systematic approach to diagnosing noncardiac chest pain.
  • To highlight gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as a primary target for investigation.
  • To advocate for the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) as an initial diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation and exclusion of coronary artery disease.
  • Systematic investigation for esophageal causes of chest pain.

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Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm
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Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm

Published on: September 17, 2021

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Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm
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Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm

Published on: September 17, 2021

  • Therapeutic trial of antisecretory therapy with proton-pump inhibitors.

    • Main Results:

    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common cause of noncardiac chest pain.
    • Proton-pump inhibitor therapy is an efficient method for diagnosing and treating GERD-related chest pain.
    • Cardiologists can effectively manage PPI therapy for GERD-related chest pain.

    Conclusions:

    • Following cardiac work-up, esophageal causes, particularly GERD, should be investigated for unexplained chest pain.
    • A trial of proton-pump inhibitors offers an efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for GERD-induced chest pain.
    • Cardiologists can confidently initiate PPI therapy for suspected GERD-related chest pain.