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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
09:33

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: July 28, 2013

Depression in Parkinson's disease. Diffusion tensor imaging study.

Hideaki Matsui1, Kazuto Nishinaka, Masaya Oda

  • 1Dept. of Neurology, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20 Nakanoshima, Osaka 530-0005, Japan. hide0729@Kuhp.Kyoto-u.ac.jp

Journal of Neurology
|August 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions in the anterior cingulate bundles were observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression. These findings suggest shared pathology between PD-related depression and de novo depression.

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

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Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression and anxiety are common in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • The underlying pathophysiology of these conditions in PD is not well understood.
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) may offer insights into white matter integrity in neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare FA values in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without depression.
  • To investigate the role of white matter integrity in the development of depression in PD.
  • To explore potential commonalities between depression in PD and de novo depression.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-eight PD patients were divided into two groups: with and without depression (DSM-IV criteria).
  • Patients were matched based on Hoehn Yahr stage to control for motor disability.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging was used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) values.

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in FA values were found in bilateral frontal regions of interest (ROIs).
  • These frontal ROIs likely represent the anterior cingulate bundles.
  • This suggests impaired white matter integrity in these specific pathways in PD patients with depression.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior cingulate bundles are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in Parkinson's disease.
  • Certain pathological processes in depression associated with PD may overlap with those in de novo depression.
  • Understanding these white matter changes could inform future therapeutic strategies for PD-related mood disorders.