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Related Concept Videos

Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation01:30

Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation

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Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

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Related Experiment Videos

Tinkering: a conceptual and historical evaluation.

Manfred D Laubichler1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 8527-4501, USA.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|August 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Francois Jacob

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Biology
  • History of Science

Background:

  • Francois Jacob's 1977 "Evolution and Tinkering" is foundational for biological tinkering.
  • Tinkering involves opportunistic recombination of existing elements, a concept also known as bricolage.
  • Jacob's work synthesized ideas from molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and anthropology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze Jacob's concept of tinkering as an instance of conceptual tinkering itself.
  • To trace the historical elements contributing to Jacob's analysis.
  • To explore how Jacob's concept integrated into theoretical and evolutionary developmental biology.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of scientific concepts.
  • Conceptual analysis of Jacob's "Evolution and Tinkering" article.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tracing the interdisciplinary synthesis of ideas.

    • Main Results:

    • Jacob's analysis is presented as a prime example of conceptual tinkering.
    • Key elements of Jacob's concept have a traceable history.
    • Jacob's framework has become integral to modern theoretical and evolutionary developmental biology.

    Conclusions:

    • The theoretical strength of Jacob's analysis stems from its capture of a pervasive biological phenomenon.
    • Jacob's work exemplifies interdisciplinary synthesis, uniting diverse fields through a shared process (tinkering) rather than a single subject.
    • The concept of tinkering remains a powerful analytical tool in contemporary biological discourse.