Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines01:14

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...
Metabolic Rate01:25

Metabolic Rate

The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
Several factors influence the...
Distance Problem01:29

Distance Problem

When an object's velocity changes over time, the total distance traveled can be determined by summing small displacement intervals over short increments. This approach approximates the true distance through numerical summation and the use of integral calculus. An estimate of the total displacement can be obtained by measuring velocity at regular intervals and multiplying each value by the corresponding time step.If a runner accelerates over the first three seconds of a race, speed measurements...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early vertebrate biomineralization and eye structure determined by synchrotron X-ray analyses of Silurian jawless fish.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Centres of rotation and osteological constraints on caudal ranges of motion in the sauropod dinosaur <i>Giraffatitan brancai</i>.

Royal Society open science·2025
Same author

Investigating the quadrupedal abilities of Scutellosaurus lawleri and its implications for locomotor behavior evolution among dinosaurs.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2023
Same author

Endostructural and periosteal growth of the human humerus.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2022
Same author

Quadrupedal locomotor simulation: producing more realistic gaits using dual-objective optimization.

Royal Society open science·2018
Same author

A study of the progression of damage in an axially loaded <i>Branta leucopsis</i> femur using X-ray computed tomography and digital image correlation.

PeerJ·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance
07:51

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance

Published on: September 19, 2016

Estimating dinosaur maximum running speeds using evolutionary robotics.

William Irvin Sellers1, Phillip Lars Manning

  • 1Integrative Vertebrate Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Jackson's Mill, PO Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester M60 1QD, UK. william.sellers@manchester.ac.uk

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|August 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces musculoskeletal modeling to predict maximum running speeds in extinct animals. The models show good agreement for living species, suggesting reliable estimates for fossil species.

More Related Videos

Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats
10:28

Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats

Published on: February 22, 2011

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents
06:25

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance
07:51

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance

Published on: September 19, 2016

Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats
10:28

Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats

Published on: February 22, 2011

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents
06:25

A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Paleobiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Locomotion analysis

Background:

  • Maximum running speed is crucial for understanding animal behavior, impacting predator-prey dynamics.
  • Previous methods for estimating speed in extinct species were indirect and relied on hidden assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a direct method for predicting maximum running speed using musculoskeletal models.
  • To estimate the top running speeds of extinct bipedal species.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of simple musculoskeletal models for three extant and five extinct bipedal species.
  • Validation of models by comparing predicted speeds with known values for extant species.

Main Results:

  • The musculoskeletal models accurately predicted top running speeds for extant species.
  • The study provides reasonable speed predictions for five extinct bipedal species based on the model's assumptions.

Conclusions:

  • Musculoskeletal modeling offers a direct and valuable approach to reconstructing locomotor capabilities of extinct animals.
  • Further refinement of models and soft tissue parameters will enhance prediction accuracy for paleobiological studies.