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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

[Pathogenesis of knee osteoarthrist].

M Bennemann1, W Hönle, H G Simank

  • 1Abteilung für Orthopidische Chirurgie, Klinikum Neumarkt. Martin.Bennemann@Klinikum.Neumarkt.de

MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin
|August 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Over 20% of adults over 60 experience lower extremity degenerative joint diseases, primarily osteoarthritis. Causes are multifactorial, including genetics and age, while secondary osteoarthritis stems from injuries or deformities, leading to cartilage destruction.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Geriatrics

Context:

  • Degenerative joint diseases affect over 20% of individuals aged 60 and above.
  • Osteoarthritis of the knee is a prevalent condition with largely unknown primary causes.
  • Secondary osteoarthritis arises from predisposing factors such as axial deformities, injuries, or pre-existing conditions.

Purpose:

  • To explore the multifactorial genesis of primary knee osteoarthritis.
  • To identify predisposing factors contributing to secondary osteoarthritis.
  • To understand the progression of osteoarthritis from pre-osteoarthritis stages.

Summary:

  • Primary knee osteoarthritis is presumed to have a multifactorial origin, involving genetic, nutritional, hormonal, and age-related elements.
  • Secondary osteoarthritis results from factors like axial deformities, prior injuries, or joint damage from fractures.
  • Pre-osteoarthritis conditions, including patellar abnormalities and axial misalignments, initiate cartilage destruction, creating a cycle of progressive joint damage.

Impact:

  • Highlights the complex etiology of osteoarthritis, necessitating a comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment.
  • Emphasizes the role of biomechanical factors and pre-existing conditions in osteoarthritis development.
  • Provides insight into the pathogenesis of joint degeneration, crucial for developing targeted interventions for elderly populations.