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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Noncoding but nonexpendable: transcriptional regulation by large noncoding RNA in eukaryotes.

Oya Yazgan1, Jocelyn E Krebs

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of AK Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.

Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire
|August 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Genomes express more transcripts than previously thought, including large noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). These ncRNAs regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms, revealing a new layer of genomic complexity.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Genome sequencing initially provided limited gene number predictions.
  • Alternative splicing and previously disregarded transcripts reveal greater transcriptome complexity.
  • Large noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gene regulatory mechanisms involving large ncRNAs.
  • To highlight diverse functions of large ncRNAs in gene expression.
  • To underscore the emerging importance of ncRNAs in genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on large ncRNAs and gene regulation.
  • Analysis of confirmed transcript data from various genomic regions.
  • Summarization of established and novel regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Genomes exhibit higher transcription levels than initially predicted.
  • Significant transcription occurs in intergenic regions, introns, and untranslated regions.
  • Large ncRNAs employ mechanisms like transcriptional interference, promoter inactivation, and influence on regulatory proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Large ncRNAs are potent regulators of gene expression.
  • Diverse regulatory functions of large ncRNAs are being uncovered.
  • This field is rapidly expanding, with more regulatory mechanisms expected.