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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

Lenalidomide in myeloma.

Seema Singhal1, Jayesh Mehta

  • 1The Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair Street, Suite 850, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. s-singhal@northwestern.edu

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|August 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Newer agents like lenalidomide show promise for relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) salvage therapy. Early use in induction therapy for MM requires more data on long-term survival benefits and risks.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Standard multiple myeloma (MM) treatment involves induction, consolidation (high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant), maintenance, and salvage therapy.
  • Relapse is common in MM, making effective salvage therapy crucial.
  • Novel agents like thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide are highly effective in relapsed or refractory MM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role and optimal timing of novel agents in multiple myeloma treatment.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of using newer agents in induction versus salvage therapy.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for the use of novel agents in MM management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current treatment paradigms for symptomatic multiple myeloma.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

  • Analysis of data on the efficacy of novel agents (thalidomide, bortezomib, lenalidomide) in relapsed/refractory MM.
  • Discussion of the emerging trend of using novel agents in early-stage (induction) MM treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Novel agents demonstrate significant cytoreduction and complete remissions in relapsed/refractory MM patients.
    • Early use of novel agents in induction therapy shows high response rates but lacks long-term survival data.
    • Concerns exist regarding toxicity, cost, and potential long-term consequences of early novel agent use.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel agents are most appropriately used as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
    • The use of novel agents in induction therapy should be limited to clinical trials pending further long-term outcome data.
    • Further research is needed to establish the long-term benefits and risks of early novel agent administration in MM.