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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

Osteoclastic activity induces osteomodulin expression in osteoblasts.

Ken Ninomiya1, Takeshi Miyamoto, Jun-Ichi Imai

  • 1Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|August 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Osteomodulin (OMD) is a bone matrix protein. Our study shows OMD expression in osteoblasts is linked to osteoclast activity, suggesting it’s a marker for osteoblast maturation.

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A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
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A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bone remodeling involves coupled bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts.
  • Identifying factors linking these processes is crucial for understanding bone homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify osteoblastic factors induced by osteoclast activity.
  • To investigate the role of osteomodulin (OMD) in osteoblast-osteoclast coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray and cluster analysis of 8 tissue types, including bone.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of OMD expression in wild-type and op/op mice.
  • Gene expression analysis in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).

Main Results:

  • Osteomodulin (OMD) was identified as a gene simultaneously induced with osteoclast markers (MMP9, Acp5).
  • OMD expression was detected in osteoblasts and increased during osteoblast maturation.
  • OMD immunoreactivity was reduced in op/op mice (lacking M-CSF) and restored by M-CSF treatment, despite osteoblasts not expressing the M-CSF receptor (c-Fms).

Conclusions:

  • Osteomodulin (OMD) is likely an osteoblast maturation marker.
  • OMD expression is induced by osteoclast activity, suggesting a molecular link between osteoclast function and osteoblast maturation.