Busulfan-induced apoptosis in rat placenta

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Developmental Biology
• Reproductive Science

Background:

• Busulfan is a chemotherapeutic agent with known teratogenic effects.
• Placental development is crucial for fetal well-being and is sensitive to environmental insults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the histopathological effects of busulfan on rat placentas during critical gestation periods.
• To understand the impact of busulfan on placental zones and cellular activities.

Main Methods:

• Rats were administered busulfan (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on gestation days 12-14.
• Placentas were collected on days 13.5, 14.5, 15, 16, and 21 for macroscopic and histopathological examination.

Main Results:

• Macroscopic examination revealed smaller placentas with white spots and rims by day 21 in busulfan-treated rats.
• Histopathology showed increased trophoblast apoptosis and decreased mitotic activity in the labyrinth zone.
• By day 21, the labyrinth zone was reduced, with trophoblast degeneration, necrosis, calcification, and maternal blood space dilation.

Conclusions:

• Busulfan exposure inhibits labyrinth zone development, leading to smaller placentas.
• The anti-proliferative and potential fetotoxic/teratogenic effects of busulfan contribute to observed placental pathology.