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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

[Pulmonary embolism: a difficult diagnostic problem].

Andrzej Łabyk1, Anna Kalbarczyk, Agata Piaszczyk

  • 1Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych, Nadciśnienia Tetniczego i Angiologii, Akademia Medyczna, Warszawa.

Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej
|August 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) symptoms often mimic acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or lung disease, leading to misdiagnosis. Chest pain and ECG changes in PE patients frequently indicate myocardial injury and elevated troponin levels.

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots
08:02

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Diagnostic Medicine

Context:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition with high mortality if untreated.
  • Clinical presentation of PE can overlap with other serious conditions like acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and lung diseases (LD).
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of PE is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose:

  • To determine the frequency of clinical symptoms and diagnostic findings in PE patients that suggest ACS or LD.
  • To analyze how initial investigations in PE patients can lead to misdiagnosis of other cardiac or pulmonary conditions.
  • To identify specific symptom patterns and investigation results that are misleading in the diagnosis of PE.

Summary:

  • A retrospective analysis of 154 PE patients revealed that 36% presented with symptoms suggestive of ACS and 35% with symptoms suggestive of LD.
  • A significant portion of patients (16%) met criteria for both ACS and LD groups.
  • Elevated troponin levels were observed in 68% of PE patients with chest pain and ECG changes, compared to 26% without these symptoms, indicating myocardial injury.

Impact:

  • Highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by overlapping symptoms in PE, ACS, and LD.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering PE even when initial symptoms suggest other conditions.
  • Suggests that myocardial injury, indicated by elevated troponin, is common in PE patients presenting with chest pain and ECG abnormalities, necessitating a broader differential diagnosis.