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Related Concept Videos

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Strong Bases: Directed Aldol Reaction00:56

Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Strong Bases: Directed Aldol Reaction

The reaction between two different carbonyl compounds comprising α hydrogen in the presence of a strong base like lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) to form a crossed aldol product is known as a directed aldol reaction. The directed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

Foundations for directed alkaloid biosynthesis.

Brian O Bachmann1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7921 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. brian.bachmann@vanderbilt.edu

Chemistry & Biology
|August 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Strictosidine synthase variants were studied for their functional plasticity and product operability within plant monoterpene indole alkaloid pathways. This research explores enzyme adaptability in complex biosynthetic routes.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Plant Sciences
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Strictosidine synthase is a key enzyme in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
  • Monoterpene indole alkaloids are important plant natural products with diverse bioactivities.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the functional plasticity of strictosidine synthase.
  • The operability of strictosidine synthase variants' products was assessed within plant biosynthetic pathways.

Key Insights:

  • Enzyme functional plasticity allows for adaptation in complex metabolic networks.
  • Understanding strictosidine synthase variants can inform metabolic engineering efforts.

Outlook:

  • Further exploration of enzyme variants could lead to novel alkaloid production.

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A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones

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Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
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Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

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  • This work contributes to the broader understanding of plant secondary metabolism.