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Quantifying Pulmonary Microvascular Density in Mice Across Lobules
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Level of endothelial cell apoptosis required for a significant decrease in microvessel density.

Zhihong Dong1, Benjamin D Zeitlin, Wenying Song

  • 1Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Experimental Cell Research
|August 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A small percentage of apoptotic endothelial cells can significantly reduce microvessel density. This study quantifies the endothelial cell apoptosis threshold needed for vascular disruption, aiding anti-angiogenesis research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Endothelial cell apoptosis is crucial for blood vessel disruption by anti-angiogenic agents.
  • The precise proportion of endothelial cells triggering microvessel density reduction remains undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimum percentage of endothelial cells undergoing apoptosis required for significant microvessel density reduction.
  • To investigate the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on this process.
  • To combine experimental data with mathematical modeling for comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an inducible caspase-9 (iCaspase-9) system to induce apoptosis in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC-iCaspase-9).
  • Created in vitro and in vivo models with varying ratios of apoptotic to healthy endothelial cells.
  • Employed mathematical modeling with differential equations to analyze experimental data and predict outcomes.

Main Results:

  • In vitro: A significant decrease in capillary sprouts was observed when at least 17% of endothelial cells underwent apoptosis.
  • VEGF(165) exposure did not inhibit apoptosis but increased the threshold for sprout disruption.
  • In vivo: A minimum of 22% apoptotic endothelial cells was required to significantly reduce microvascular density.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptosis of a relatively small fraction of endothelial cells is sufficient to cause significant microvessel density reduction.
  • The study provides quantitative insights into the role of endothelial cell apoptosis in vascular disruption.
  • The integration of experimental and computational approaches offers a powerful method for studying complex biological processes.