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Joints

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

Movement Joints in Buildings

Movement Joints in Buildings

Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: January 12, 2019

[Joint hypermobility in Palma school children].

S Verd Vallespir¹, J Mas de Salva, L Arboleda González

¹Consellería de Sanidad, Comunidad Autónoma de las Islas Baleares.

Anales Espanoles De Pediatria

|July 1, 1991

Summary

Joint hypermobility affects 13% of boys and 21% of girls. This study links joint mobility to liver consumption and fracture history in adolescents.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Health
Orthopedics
Nutrition

Background:

Joint hypermobility is a common condition in children.
Factors influencing joint mobility and its relation to bone health require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the prevalence of joint hypermobility in schoolchildren aged 11 and 14.
To explore the relationship between joint hypermobility, liver consumption, and fracture history.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 1,136 schoolchildren (boys and girls) aged 11 and 14 years was studied.
Data collected included joint mobility assessment, fracture history, and weekly liver consumption.
A brief test for detecting joint hypermobility was described.

Main Results:

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The prevalence of joint hypermobility was 13% in boys and 21% in girls.
A significant association was found between liver consumption and joint hypermobility.
Joint hypermobility showed a contrary relationship with fracture history, specifically in boys.

Conclusions:

Liver consumption may influence joint mobility in adolescents.
The interplay between joint hypermobility, diet, and bone health, particularly in boys, warrants further research.