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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

Acuity development in infantile nystagmus.

Avery H Weiss¹, John P Kelly

¹Division of Ophthalmology, Roger H. Johnson Clinical Vision Lab, Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. avery.weiss@seattlechildrens.org

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|August 29, 2007

Summary

Visual acuity development in infantile nystagmus is similar regardless of associated visual defects. However, sensory deficits significantly reduce acuity more than isolated infantile nystagmus.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Visual Development

Background:

Infantile nystagmus (IN) is an involuntary eye movement condition.
IN can occur in isolation or be associated with visual sensory defects.
Understanding acuity development in IN is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare visual acuity development in children with isolated IN versus IN associated with visual sensory defects.
To determine if gaze-holding instability or sensory deficits impact acuity progression.
To quantify differences in acuity reduction between IN subtypes.

Main Methods:

Assessed visual acuity using Teller acuity cards in 57 children (1 month-4 years) with IN.
Classified IN groups: isolated IN, albinism, aniridia, and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (BONH).

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Quantified acuity development rate using linear regression and compared to normative data.

Main Results:

The rate of acuity development was similar across all IN groups, paralleling normative data.
No significant differences in the rate of acuity development were found between groups.
Mean acuity was reduced by 1.2 octaves in isolated IN and 1.7-2.5 octaves in IN with sensory defects compared to norms.

Conclusions:

The rate of visual acuity development in infantile nystagmus is largely unaffected by gaze-holding instability or associated visual sensory defects.
Reduced mean acuity in albinism, aniridia, and BONH is primarily due to the underlying visual sensory defect.
Sensory defects cause greater acuity reduction than isolated infantile nystagmus.