Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interferon-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is dispensable for an effective anti-cytomegalovirus response in adaptor protein-3-deficient mice.

Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·2014
Same author

Dual regulation of osteopontin production by TLR stimulation in dendritic cells.

Journal of leukocyte biology·2013
Same author

Synergy of caspofungin with human polymorphonuclear granulocytes for killing Candida albicans.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2010
Same author

Common paraneoplastic syndromes.

Clinical techniques in small animal practice·2003

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Hypothyroidism and myxedema coma.

Kevin Finora1, Deborah Greco

  • 1The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Compendium (Yardley, PA)
|August 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease in dogs, rarely seen in cats. Diagnosis involves thyroid function tests, and treatment with hormone replacement offers an excellent prognosis, even for severe cases like myxedema coma.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Small Animal Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder in canine populations.
  • Feline hypothyroidism is exceptionally rare, with distinct underlying pathologies.
  • Common causes include lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism in dogs.
  • To highlight the rarity and potential causes in cats.
  • To discuss the treatment of severe manifestations like myxedema coma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs and physical examination findings.
  • Utilization of specific thyroid function tests for diagnosis.
  • Assessment of treatment protocols including hormone supplementation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroidism is common in dogs, rare in cats.
  • Diagnosis confirmed through clinical signs and thyroid function tests.
  • Treatment with levothyroxine offers an excellent prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Canine hypothyroidism is manageable with synthetic hormone supplementation.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment lead to an excellent prognosis.
  • Intravenous levothyroxine is effective for life-threatening myxedema coma.