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Equilibrium surface adsorption behavior in complex anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures.

J Penfold1, R K Thomas, C C Dong

  • 1STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OXON, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 30, 2007
PubMed
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The study reveals how calcium ions influence surfactant mixtures, causing structural changes from micelles to vesicles in sodium 6-dodecyl benzene-4 sulfonate (SDBS) and C12EO8 systems, unlike SDBS/C12EO23. This impacts surface adsorption behavior significantly.

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding surfactant mixtures is crucial for applications in detergents, emulsification, and drug delivery.
  • Investigating the self-assembly and interfacial behavior of mixed surfactants provides insights into complex fluid systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the equilibrium surface adsorption and solution microstructure of sodium 6-dodecyl benzene-4 sulfonate (SDBS) mixed with nonionic surfactants C12EO8 and C12EO23.
  • To determine the effect of divalent (Ca2+) and monovalent (Na+) ions on the microstructure and adsorption behavior of these mixed surfactant systems.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron reflectivity (NR) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were employed to probe solution microstructure and surface adsorption.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Systematic variation of surfactant composition and electrolyte concentration (Ca2+, NaCl) was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • SDBS/C12EO8 and SDBS/C12EO23 mixtures form small globular micelles in solution.
    • Addition of Ca2+ to SDBS/C12EO8 induces a transition to vesicle phases, while SDBS/C12EO23 shows limited transition.
    • Ca2+ ions promote multilayer formation at the air-solution interface for SDBS-rich compositions, unlike NaCl.

    Conclusions:

    • Divalent ions like Ca2+ significantly alter the self-assembly and interfacial properties of mixed surfactant systems, leading to phase transitions and multilayer formation.
    • The mixing behavior of SDBS with nonionic surfactants is non-ideal and influenced by ionic strength and surfactant chain length.
    • Regular solution theory (RST) provides a partial explanation for nonideality but does not fully capture the complex interactions, especially in the presence of Ca2+.