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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Chronic lead exposure may be associated with erectile dysfunction.

Tarek H Anis¹, Ahmed ElKaraksy, Taymour Mostafa

¹Cairo University-Department of Andrology and Sexology, Cairo, Egypt. mohamedtarekanis@gmail.com

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

|August 31, 2007

Summary

Chronic lead exposure may cause erectile dysfunction (ED). Higher blood lead levels in men with ED correlated with lead in cavernous tissue and increased oxidative stress.

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Toxicology
Urology

Background:

Heavy metals pose significant health risks in occupational and environmental settings.
Lead toxicity is linked to hypertension via free radical production and reduced antioxidant reserves, potentially affecting smooth muscle relaxation and causing erectile dysfunction (ED).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hazardous effects of chronic lead exposure on erectile function.
To document lead deposition in cavernous tissue.

Main Methods:

Compared blood lead levels in 34 men with ED and 15 controls using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in peripheral blood.
Analyzed cavernous tissue for lead deposition via histology and electron microscopy.

Main Results:

Men with ED had significantly higher blood lead levels than controls.
A positive correlation existed between blood and cavernous tissue lead levels in the ED group.
High blood lead was associated with increased ROS and decreased antioxidants, with lead granules observed in cavernous tissue.

Conclusions:

Chronic lead exposure is potentially associated with erectile dysfunction.
Lead accumulation in cavernous tissue may contribute to ED pathophysiology.