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Mold and mycotoxin problems encountered during malting and brewing.
1Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, 1523 Centennial Blvd., 114A Van Es Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States. Charlene.hall@ndsu.edu <Charlene.hall@ndsu.edu>
Preventing Fusarium mold growth in grains during malting is crucial for safe beer production. Research explores physical, chemical, and biological methods to control mold and mycotoxins, ensuring safer food and beverage products.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Food Science
- Microbiology
Background:
- Fusarium infections in grains pose significant risks to malt and beer quality.
- Mycotoxins like deoxynivalenol can persist and be produced during malting, even if some are lost during steeping.
- Detoxification before malting is challenging without preventing further mold growth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review methods for reducing Fusarium mold growth during grain malting.
- To assess the potential of physical, chemical, and biological interventions.
- To identify strategies for improving the safety of fermented products from infected grains.
Main Methods:
- Review of physical methods, including irradiation.
- Evaluation of chemical treatments like ozonation.
- Exploration of biological control strategies and genetic modification of yeasts.
Main Results:
- Irradiation shows promise for preventing mold growth but requires further study on mycotoxin production and malt quality.
- Ozonation is a promising chemical treatment due to its lack of residual chemicals in beer.
- Biological methods and yeast genetic modification present potential but need more research on their impact on final product quality.
Conclusions:
- Effective methods are needed to control Fusarium mold and mycotoxin production during malting.
- Irradiation and ozonation are promising interventions requiring further investigation.
- Genetic modification of yeasts offers a future strategy for in-situ detoxification, enhancing product safety.
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