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Direct observation of second-order atom tunnelling.

S Fölling1, S Trotzky, P Cheinet

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|August 31, 2007
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed two interacting ultracold atoms tunneling together as a pair through a quantum barrier. This correlated tunneling, driven by strong interactions, reveals new quantum dynamics and potential applications in quantum magnetism.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Quantum tunneling is a fundamental phenomenon where particles pass through classically forbidden barriers.
  • Interactions between particles can lead to complex dynamics, deviating from independent tunneling behavior.
  • Coulomb blockade in electronic systems demonstrates how particle interactions influence tunneling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly observe and characterize the correlated tunneling of two interacting ultracold atoms.
  • To investigate the influence of inter-atomic interactions on tunneling dynamics in a double-well potential.
  • To explore novel quantum phenomena arising from particle correlations during tunneling.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved observations of ultracold atoms in a double-well potential.
  • Measurement of both atom position and phase coherence over time.
  • Experimental manipulation of interaction strengths between atoms.

Main Results:

  • Observed independent atomic tunneling in the weak interaction regime, analogous to Josephson junctions.
  • Demonstrated correlated, pair tunneling of two interacting atoms in the strong interaction regime via a second-order co-tunnelling process.
  • Identified a conditional tunneling regime where a single atom's tunneling depends on the presence of a second particle.

Conclusions:

  • Correlated tunneling events, particularly second-order co-tunnelling, are significant in strongly interacting ultracold atom systems.
  • These findings provide direct experimental evidence for phenomena relevant to quantum magnetism and superexchange interactions.
  • The study offers a new platform for exploring quantum dynamics and control in interacting many-body systems.