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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers

A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...
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Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Microbial Interactions: Predation01:28

Microbial Interactions: Predation

Microbial predation refers to the process by which one microorganism kills and consumes another to obtain nutrients and energy. It encompasses both bacterial and protozoan predators. This interaction plays a crucial role in shaping microbial communities and regulating nutrient cycling.Bacterial Predators: Epibiotic vs. EndobioticBacterial predators are classified based on their mode of attack as either epibiotic or endobiotic. Epibiotic predators, such as Vampirococcus, attach to the surface of...

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Using Coculture to Detect Chemically Mediated Interspecies Interactions
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When biotas meet: understanding biotic interchange.

G J Vermeij

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Biotic interchange, or species invasion, is more likely when extinctions weaken ecosystems. This trend is expected to increase in the human-dominated biosphere, impacting global biodiversity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Biogeography

    Background:

    • Barriers between historically separated biotas can break down, leading to species invasions.
    • Past episodes of marine and terrestrial biotic interchange reveal patterns of invasion susceptibility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze historical biotic interchange events over the last 20 million years.
    • To understand the factors influencing species invasion and their impact on biodiversity.
    • To predict future trends in species geographical expansion within the human-dominated biosphere.

    Main Methods:

    • Examination of past marine and terrestrial biotic interchange events.
    • Analysis of the relationship between species extinction and invasion proneness.
    • Assessment of evolutionary traits (competitive, defensive, reproductive) in invading species.

    Main Results:

    • Large-scale species extinction preceding biotic interchange significantly increases a biota's susceptibility to invasion.
    • Species from biotas with highly evolved competitive, defensive, and reproductive abilities are more likely to expand geographically.
    • Historical events and interactions are critical determinants of current and future biota composition.

    Conclusions:

    • Ecosystems weakened by extinction are vulnerable to invasive species.
    • Human-induced environmental changes are likely to accelerate the frequency of species invasions.
    • Understanding historical ecological dynamics is crucial for predicting future biodiversity patterns.