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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

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Chondritic meteorites and the lunar surface.

J A O'keefe, R F Scott

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 1, 1967

Summary

Lunar soil analysis reveals a porosity of 0.35-0.45 and high internal friction. These findings suggest the lunar surface is composed of acid rocks or basalts, not ultrabasic meteorites.

Area of Science:

Lunar geology
Planetary science
Soil mechanics

Background:

Understanding the physical properties of lunar soil is crucial for interpreting remote sensing data and planning future missions.
Previous missions provided initial data, but further analysis was needed to refine our understanding of lunar soil composition.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the porosity and mechanical properties of lunar soil.
To constrain the dielectric constant of lunar soil grains.
To infer the composition of the lunar surface based on its physical and electrical properties.

Main Methods:

Analysis of Surveyor I landing dynamics and soil penetration data.
Soil mechanics experiments using Surveyor III's surface sampler.
Integration of porosity measurements with radar reflectivity data.

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Main Results:

Lunar soil exhibits a porosity of 0.35 to 0.45.
The soil is approximately incompressible with an angle of internal friction between 35 and 37 degrees.
The dielectric constant of lunar soil grains is estimated to be around 4.3 to 5.9.

Conclusions:

The determined physical and electrical properties are inconsistent with ultrabasic rocks like chondritic meteorites.
The data suggest the lunar surface is likely composed of acid rocks or vesicular basalts.
Carbonaceous chondrites remain a possibility, though less likely than acid rocks or basalts.