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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
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Internal Combustion Engine01:20

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The internal combustion engine is a heat engine that uses the byproducts of combustion as the working fluid instead of using a heat transfer medium to transfer heat. The combustion is done in a way that produces high-pressure combustion products that can be expanded through a turbine or piston to create work. Internal combustion engines can again be categorized into three kinds: (1) spark ignition gasoline engines, most commonly used in automobiles, (2) compression ignition diesel engines that...
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Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
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Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

Published on: February 19, 2018

New sources for fuel and materials.

M Calvin

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 7, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review explores novel plant sources for producing valuable chemicals and liquid fuels. It suggests modifications to enhance plant productivity and alter product characteristics for better yields.

    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Science
    • Biotechnology
    • Sustainable Energy

    Background:

    • The increasing demand for sustainable chemicals and liquid fuels necessitates the exploration of alternative biomass resources.
    • Traditional sources face limitations in terms of environmental impact and scalability.
    • Plant-based production offers a renewable pathway for chemical and fuel synthesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and identify new plant species with significant potential for the production of chemicals and liquid fuels.
    • To analyze existing productivity data for these selected plant sources.
    • To propose strategies for optimizing plant-derived chemical and fuel output.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of scientific publications and databases.

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  • Analysis of reported productivity metrics for various plant species.
  • Comparative assessment of plant potential based on chemical and fuel yield data.
  • Main Results:

    • Identification of several promising new plant sources for bio-based chemical and liquid fuel production.
    • Presentation of current productivity data, highlighting variability and potential for improvement.
    • Specific plant candidates show high potential for targeted chemical extraction and fuel conversion.

    Conclusions:

    • New plant sources represent a viable and largely untapped resource for sustainable chemical and fuel industries.
    • Strategic modifications in plant genetics and cultivation can significantly boost productivity and tailor product profiles.
    • Further research and development are crucial to fully realize the potential of these plant-based systems.